There isn't a direct way to filter data based solely on cell color formatting rules in Excel. However, you can achieve a similar outcome using a combination of two methods:

Method 1: Using GetCellColor Function (Advanced)

1. Add a Helper Column: Insert a new column next to your data. In the first cell of this column (e.g., B2), enter the formula `=GetCellColor(A2)`. This formula retrieves the color code of the formatting applied to cell A2.
2. Copy Formula Down: Drag the formula in cell B2 down to copy it throughout the helper column, referencing the corresponding cells in your data column (e.g., A3, A4, etc.).
3. Apply Filter to Helper Column: Now, you can filter the helper column based on specific color codes. Click the filter arrow on the helper column header and choose the color(s) you want to filter by. This will indirectly filter your data based on the corresponding cell color formatting.

Method 2: Using Conditional Formatting and AutoFilter (Simpler)

1. Apply Conditional Formatting: If your color formatting rules have a clear distinction (e.g., red for negative values), consider applying a new conditional formatting rule that assigns a unique text value (e.g., "Negative") based on the existing color rule.
2. Filter by Text: Once you have the text assigned based on color formatting, you can use the AutoFilter on the data column and filter by the specific text value associated with the desired color formatting.

Choosing the Right Method:

- Method 1 is more flexible for complex color-based filtering but requires the `GetCellColor` function, which might be less familiar to some users.
- Method 2 is simpler to implement if your color formatting translates well to text values and doesn't require advanced functions.